Air-strikes on landmark buildings at the tail end of the Israeli military's "Operation Protective Edge" in Gaza in August were a deliberate and direct attack on civilian buildings and amount to war crimes, Amnesty International charges in a new report. Entitled "Nothing is Immune: Israel's Destruction of Landmark Buildings in Gaza," the report (PDF) provides evidence that attacks on four multi-storey buildings during the last four days of the conflict were in contravention of international humanitarian law, and calls for them to be independently and impartially investigated. "All the evidence we have shows this large-scale destruction was carried out deliberately and with no military justification," said Philip Luther, director of the Middle East and North Africa Program at Amnesty International. "Both the facts on the ground and statements made by Israeli military spokespeople at the time indicate that the attacks were a collective punishment against the people of Gaza and were designed to destroy their already precarious livelihoods."

While the Israeli military warned the residents of the buildings to leave before they destroyed them, scores of people from nearby buildings were injured and hundreds of people lost their homes, businesses or belongings. In all four cases, panicked residents hurried to evacuate the buildings, and in most cases were unable to salvage their belongings, including important documents, jewellery and savings.

The Municipal Commercial Center in Rafah, which contained a shopping mall, a garage, several offices and a medical clinic, was reduced to a tangled skeleton of iron girders and concrete. Businesses in this building provided livelihoods for hundreds of families, who are now struggling to make ends meet. Other than the claims that one of the destroyed buildings housed a Hamas command center and of "facilities linked to Palestinian militants" in another, the Israeli authorities have provided no information as to why they levelled four entire buildings.

"Even if the Israeli authorities had good reason to believe that a part of a building was being used for military purposes, they had an obligation to choose means and methods of attack that would minimize harm to civilians and their property," said Luther. "The Israeli army have previously conducted air-strikes on specific apartments in high-rise buildings without their complete destruction."

Amnesty International sent its findings about the air-strikes to the Israeli authorities, and asked for explanations on why each of the attacks was carried out. Amnesty says the only response it received was from Israel's State Comptroller, which simply described the focus of its own inquiry into Operation Protective Edge. Noone from the authorities who could have actually addressed the questions about these attacks responded.

Amnesty in its press release on the report emphasized that it has "documented and consistently condemned violations of international humanitarian law committed by both Israel and Hamas and Palestinian armed groups during the conflict." While the new report and another one issued in November, "Families Under the Rubble: Israeli Attacks on Inhabited Homes," have examined Israeli attacks, a report currently being prepared will focus on violations by Hamas.

Amnesty charged that so far, any investigations of claims of international law violations by either Israeli or Palestinian forces have failed to be independent, thorough or impartial. Amnesty is calling for the Commission of Inquiry set up the United Nations to be allowed to conduct its investigation without hindrance, and for the Israeli authorities to lift their block on Amnesty International and other human rights organizations entering Gaza.

"War crimes must be independently and impartially investigated and those responsible should be brought to justice in fair trials," said Luther. "Those whose homes and livelihoods have been unlawfully destroyed deserve justice and full reparation." (ReliefWeb, Dec. 9)